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This study investigates the socio-geographic assertions of regional resource rights by indigenous people in a demarcated indigenous region in north-east India. It analyses local media content to gain insights into the process of d...
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This study investigates the socio-geographic assertions of regional resource rights by indigenous people in a demarcated indigenous region in north-east India. It analyses local media content to gain insights into the process of discursive (de)legitimation targeting three mining regimes. The results uncover (de)legitimation attempts using multiple themes that are grounded in the physical and institutional features of the region. These themes are flexibly deployed to advance the overarching discourses of protective separation and developmental integration. Further, the results demonstrate how the process of discursive (de)legitimation influences, and is influenced by, significant internal disparities, leading to varying degrees of indigenous convergence.
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Globalization is associated with pressures and conflicts over natural resources, with migration, urbanization and development. The analyzes these phenomena focusing the Lower Basin of the Zambezi River in Mozambique where external...
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Globalization is associated with pressures and conflicts over natural resources, with migration, urbanization and development. The analyzes these phenomena focusing the Lower Basin of the Zambezi River in Mozambique where external demand over natural resources have been associated with huge projects on transport infrastructures, coal mining and agroforestry, somehow correlated with recurring conflicts. The approach proposes and uses a regional development model that highlights the impacts of the spatial allocation of property rights on income and migration. Results show the importance of resources ownership in the spatial profile of development and social unrest.
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A discussion is presented on the evolution of the relationship between intellectual property rights and genetic resources in the wake of 2 important global legal events: the entry into force of the UN Convention on Biological Dive...
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A discussion is presented on the evolution of the relationship between intellectual property rights and genetic resources in the wake of 2 important global legal events: the entry into force of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity on 29 December 1993 and the signing of the Uruguay Round agreement by over 100 nations in Morocco on 15 April 1994.
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Although the Pacific Northwest is often associated with abundant water and images of wide, salmon-filled rivers, water-related conflicts throughout the region are not uncommon as adequate supplies fall short of increasing demand. ...
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Although the Pacific Northwest is often associated with abundant water and images of wide, salmon-filled rivers, water-related conflicts throughout the region are not uncommon as adequate supplies fall short of increasing demand. This article investigates water stakeholders' perceptions of local waters and their water-related behaviors within the Willamette watershed of western Oregon. I conducted 25 interviews with key users of the Willamette watershed's water supply. My analyses of these data suggest that stakeholders perceive water as a scarce resource. In addition, the participants indicated strong attachments to local water bodies but demonstrated little incentive in making personal sacrifices to safeguard these "scarce" water supplies. Given that equitable water distribution is a present and growing concern, this case study contributes to a body of knowledge that legitimizes direct experience in shaping resource management, as well as illuminates the complicated relationship between place attachment and environmental behaviors.
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The allocation of water resources has long been recognized as a critical optimization problem. In this study, a bilevel programming model with fuzzy random variables is developed for tackling a regional water resources allocation ...
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The allocation of water resources has long been recognized as a critical optimization problem. In this study, a bilevel programming model with fuzzy random variables is developed for tackling a regional water resources allocation problem on the basis of water rights distribution in a river basin. The bilevel programming model takes the optimal total benefit of the society and the optimal economic benefit of each subarea as the upper and lower targets, respectively. In contrast to previous studies, the balance of the satisfactory degree between the upper and lower decision makers is considered in the bilevel optimization for ensuring the equity of the water resource allocation. To deal with inherent uncertainties, the fuzzy random variables are first transformed into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and by taking advantage of the expected value operation, the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are subsequently defuzzified. For solving the complex and nonlinear bilevel programming model, an interactive fuzzy programming technique and an entropy-Boltzmann selection-based genetic algorithm are designed as a combined solution method. Finally, the results and comparisons analysis of a case study are presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the optimization method.
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The aim of this paper is to present an administrative and market-based optimization method for solving a problem of regional water resources allocation by considering a hierarchical structure under multiple uncertainties. To accom...
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The aim of this paper is to present an administrative and market-based optimization method for solving a problem of regional water resources allocation by considering a hierarchical structure under multiple uncertainties. To accomplish this, a multi-objective bi-level programming model is developed based on the water right distribution in a river basin. In this model, the stream flow (i.e., water supply) and water demand are considered as a fuzzy random variable and a random fuzzy variable, respectively. The regional authority, the leader in the hierarchy, seeks to maximize the total:benefit to society while simultaneously minimizing pollution emissions. The sub-areas, the followers in the hierarchy, seek to maximize their own economic benefits. To deal with the inherent uncertainty, a transformation of variables into fuzzy variables is done, and through the expected value operation, the fuzzy variables are subsequently transformed into determined ones. For solving the complex non-linear bi-level programming model, a bi-level interactive method based on satisfactory solution with global local neighbor adaptive particle swarm optimization (GLN-aPSO) is designed as a combined solution method. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of this method. The interactive solutions associated with different minimal satisfactory degrees of the two objectives in the upper level have been generated. They can help the regional authority and the sub-areas to identify desired water allocation schemes according to their preferences and practical conditions, as well as facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs between the objectives in the two levels. Finally, to verify that it is reasonable to use bi-level programming the results are compared with those of using single level programming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Haliotid (abalone) fisheries are comprised of small-scale (<5 km super(2)) stocks and serve as a model for many such fisheries. Extremely valuable to local fishing communities in aggregate, these micro-stocks are myriad and comple...
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Haliotid (abalone) fisheries are comprised of small-scale (<5 km super(2)) stocks and serve as a model for many such fisheries. Extremely valuable to local fishing communities in aggregate, these micro-stocks are myriad and complex to study, monitor, assess and manage. Micro-stocks need assessment and management at local scales to prevent small components from suffering the tragedy of commons. This paper asks how can we ever hope to address the research and management needs of so many small resources? Community-based and territorial rights-based systems may help in sustaining these resources, but servicing the technical needs of many small communities of stakeholders raises problems. A new generation of 'barefoot ecologists' is envisaged to perform this task.
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In this study, we seek to examine the success factors of the classical common goods of various capitalist economies and to apply them to diverse platforms that appear as new common goods. Our research question is as follows: Are t...
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In this study, we seek to examine the success factors of the classical common goods of various capitalist economies and to apply them to diverse platforms that appear as new common goods. Our research question is as follows: Are there any common success factors that can be applied to produce and use common goods across economic conditions? With the goal of identifying the grounded theory of common goods, the study employed the interview method using a semi-structured questionnaire. Furthermore, it conducted participatory observation and a literature review of case studies as well as a comparative study of 20 Korean commons and 20 Italy commons. According to cases of common goods in Jeju, South Korea, the coupling effects of several public policies could motivate the privatization of common goods. Second, an empty area in common goods consists of a high level of participation with democratization and a low level of common condition. High participation with democratization can avoid privatization and increase new open business models of common goods. Third, active open innovation with a high participation in democratization and expansion of new business models based on tacit knowledge of common goods could be the activating engine of regional innovation systems.
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We argue that international fisheries are a prime example to study the incentive structure of forming impure public good and common pool agreements. We consider a fully integrated multiple zone model, in which zones are linked thr...
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We argue that international fisheries are a prime example to study the incentive structure of forming impure public good and common pool agreements. We consider a fully integrated multiple zone model, in which zones are linked through density-dependent migration. The incentive to accede to Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) is related to multiple characteristics. Firstly, the relative patch sizes of the high seas, which is the internationally (publicly) accessible domain, compared to exclusive economic zones, which are state-owned (privately owned). This can be related to the degree of socially constructed excludability. Secondly, the intensity of fish migration between various zones, which can be related to the degree of technical excludability. Thirdly, the growth rate of the resource, which can be interpreted as the degree of rivalry, with a low (high) degree of rivalry approximating public good (common pool) features. We show that, generally, excludability reduces free-riding incentives but also the need for cooperation, a variant of the "paradox of cooperation". Moreover, we show that the benefit-cost duality between public goods and common pool resources generally holds except for some extreme parameter values for which a low degree of rivalry fosters the success of cooperation. Finally, through a variation of the diffusion matrix, we can also analyze a closed as well as a sink-source system. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Land-use conflicts highlight several myths about property rights. The central myth is that property rights are linked to natural rights, that property rights are durable and unchanging, and that any interference with these propert...
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Land-use conflicts highlight several myths about property rights. The central myth is that property rights are linked to natural rights, that property rights are durable and unchanging, and that any interference with these property rights requires public compensation. However, particular settings and circumstances lead to conflicting rights claims which the courts must sort through to determine where the more compelling rights claim resides. Situations are not protected because they have property rights. Rather, those situations found worthy of protection by the courts acquire the status of a property right. Property rights are not discovered, but are created by the courts. Applied economists must build models of property rights conflicts predicated upon an epistemology of volitional pragmatism.
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